WORLD WAR 1 (1914-1918) ARMED FORCES STATS.

Commander - The Great War is the latest release in the popular and playable Commander series of historical strategy games. Gamers will enjoy a huge hex based campaign map that stretches from the USA in the west, Africa and Arabia to the south, Scandinavia to the north and the Urals to the east on a new engine that is more efficient and fully supports widescreen resolutions.
Commander – The Great War features a Grand Campaign covering the whole of World War I from the invasion of Belgium on August 5, 1914 to the Armistice on the 11th of November 1918 in addition to 16 different unit types including Infantry, Cavalry, Armoured Cars and Tanks, Artillery, Railroad Guns and Armoured Trains and more!

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WORLD WAR 1 (1914-1918) ARMED FORCES STATS.

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This thread is a one stop guide, to the opposing forces available 1914.

I hope it helps gamers learn something new regarding the Great War!


Below is the starting armed forces strength for Germany, I will add other nations in future posts in this thread. I'm doing research into the approx starting strength, off the major Countries involved in world war 1.

GERMANY.

General facts
•Population: 67 million (1914)
•Capital: Berlin (1914 population 3.7 million)


Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 840,000 Stehendes Heer (Standing Army)
•Reserves 1914: 3 million, including
◦1.3 million Reserve Army (aged 23–27)
◦1.7 million Landwehr (Territorials aged 28–38) and
◦Landsturm (Home guard aged 17–20 and 39–45)

•Total mobilised 1914: 3.8 million
•Total mobilised during the war: 11 million

Navy

Peacetime strength 1914: 72,000

Fleet (1914)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 13
•Battleships (Pre-Dreadnoughts): 30
•Battlecruisers: 6
•Cruisers (Armoured cruisers + Protected cruisers): 14
•Light cruisers: 35
•Destroyers: 152
•Submarines: 30

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 2 million
•Wounded: 4.2 million
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AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

General facts
•Population: 48.5 million (1914)
•Capital: Vienna (1914 population 2 million)

Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 415,000
•Reserves 1914: 1.4 million
•Full mobilisation 1914: 1.8 million
•Total mobilised during the war: 8 million

Navy
•Peacetime strength 1914: 20,000

Fleet (1914)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 3
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 12
•Cruisers ( Armoured cruiser ): 3
•Light cruisers: 4
•Destroyers: 18
•Submarines: 14

Casualties (Military)
•Dead (all causes): 1.2 million
•Wounded: 1,943,000
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Kingdom of Bulgaria

General facts
•Population: 4.58 million (1915)
•Capital: Sofia (1910 population 103,000)


Military forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1915: 85,000 Active Army (Deystvuyushta Armiya)
•Reserves 1915: 360,000 Reserve Army (Reserna Armiya) and 72,000 National Militia (Narodno Opolecnie)
•Full mobilisation 1915: 517,000
•Total mobilised during the war: 850,000

Navy
•Peacetime strength 1915: 500

Fleet (1915)
•Training cruiser (Black Sea Flotilla)
•Assortment of obsolete gunboats, torpedo-boats and launches divided between the Black Sea Flotilla and the Danube River Flotilla

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 101,200
•Wounded: 152,400
•Total: 253,600
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Ottoman Empire

General facts
•Population (1914): 22 million (including 12 million ethnic Turks)
•Capital: Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul)

Military forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 210,000
•Reserves 1914: 1,000,000, and 42,000 Jandarma
•Full mobilisation 1914: 1,250,000
•Total mobilised during the war: 2,870,000

The Jandarma was a paramilitary force (modelled on French gendarmerie) responsible for guarding the border and internal security duties. It was equipped with rifles and machine guns but not artillery. It was answerable to the Ministry of the Interior.

Navy
•Peacetime strength 1914: 8000

Fleet (1914)
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 4
•Battlecruisers: 1
•Cruisers: 2
•Light cruisers: 1
•Destroyers: 8

This list includes SMS Goeben (battlecruiser) and SMS Breslau (light cruiser), which were ‘transferred' by Germany to the Ottoman Navy in August 1914.

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 771,844
•Wounded: 763,753
•Total casualties: 1,535,597
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THE ALLIES.


Kingdom of Belgium

General facts
•Population: 7.64 million (1914)
•Capital: Brussels (1914 population 750,000)


Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 117,000
•Reserves 1914: 115,000 (including 70,000 older men of the Fortress Garrisons and 45,000 Civic Guard)
•Total mobilised 1914: 270,000 (including 40,000 volunteers)
•Total mobilised during war: 300,000

After October 1914 nearly all of Belgium was under German occupation. Only a thin piece of territory along the Channel coast west of the river Yser remained in Belgian hands. The Belgian Army, reduced to 80,000 men after three months of fighting, would hold the Yser sector, the northernmost point of the Allied line on the Western Front, for the rest of the war. To maintain its strength the army relied on volunteers from the Belgian refugee population in France, and on men from the occupied zone who were willing to either cross the front line or travel via neutral Holland. Anyone caught trying to escape from occupied Belgium into France or The Netherlands – or even helping someone else do so – was liable to execution if caught by the Germans.

Navy

Belgium had no naval forces at this time.

Casualties
•Military dead (all causes): 44,000
•Civilian dead: 9000
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Republic of France

General facts
•Population: 39.6 million (1914)
•Capital: Paris (1914 population 3 million)



Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 823,000
•Reserves 1914: 2.9 million
•Total mobilised 1914: 3.6 million
•Total mobilised during war: 8.7 million

Navy
• Peacetime strength 1914: 65,000

Fleet (1914)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 4
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 21
•Cruisers (Armoured cruisers + Protected cruisers): 19
•Light cruisers: 6
•Destroyers: 81
•Submarines: 67

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 1,385,000
•Wounded: 3.2 million
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The British Empire

General facts
•Population: 46 million (including 4.3 million in Ireland
•Capital: London (1914 population of Greater London 7.1 million; ‘Inner London’ 4.5 million)


Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 247,500
•Reserves 1914: 414,000 (Territorial Force 258,000; Army Reserve 156,000)
•Total mobilised during the war: 4,006,000 (England 3,041,200; Scotland 557,600; Wales 273,000; Ireland 134,200)

Navy
•Peacetime strength 1914: 136,500
•Reserves: 28,000 Fleet Reserve and 30,000 Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR)

Fleet (1914)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 24
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 38
•Battlecruisers: 10
•Cruisers (Armoured cruisers + Protected cruisers): 47
•Light cruisers: 61
•Destroyers: 225
•Submarines: 75

Conscription
•Introduced: 27 January 1916
•Total conscripted by end of war:
•Total number of conscripts sent overseas by the end of the war:

The Military Service Act was passed by the wartime coalition government of Prime Minister Lloyd George. All single men in England, Scotland and Wales aged 19 and 41 were liable for compulsory military service in the British Army. Only those deemed to be medically unfit, in work essential to the war industry or officially recognised as conscientious objectors were granted exemptions. The Act was amended in May 1916 to include married men. Continued heavy losses led to further amendments to the Act in April 1918: its coverage was extended to Ireland (although in fact it was never implemented there) and the minimum age was reduced to 18.

Casualties

British Army
•Dead (all causes): 702,410
•Wounded: 1,622,625
(both figures include Royal Flying Corps up to 31 March 1918)
Royal Navy
•Dead (all causes): 32,287
•Wounded: 5135
(both figures include Royal Naval Air Service up to 31 March 1918)
Royal Air Force (from 1 April 1918)
•Dead (all causes): 4042
•Wounded:
The RAF was formed on 1 April 1918 through a merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.
British Merchant Marine
•Dead : 14,000
•Wounded:
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Kingdom of Italy.

General facts
•Population: 36 million (1915)
•Capital: Rome (1915 population 590,000)


Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1915: 290,000 Regular Army (Esercito Permanente)
•Reserves 1915: 1 million (includes Reserve Army (Milizia Mobile) and Home Guard (Milizia Territoriale))
•Total mobilised 1915: 1.5 million
•Total mobilised during war: 5.6 million

Navy
•Peacetime strength: 40,000

Fleet (1915)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 4
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 12
•Cruisers (Armoured cruiser + Protected cruiser): 5
•Light cruisers: 6
•Destroyers: 33
•Submarines: 14

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 462,000
•Wounded: 953,000
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The Russian Empire.

General facts
•Population: 167 million (1914)
•Capital: St Petersburg (1914 population 2.2 million)

Because St Petersburg sounded ‘too German’, the city's name was officially changed to Petrograd on 31 August 1914.


Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 1.4 million (including Guards Corps, Regular Army and Cossacks)
•Reserves 1914: 5.1 million (including Regular Reserves, Cossack Reserves and the Imperial Militia)
•Total mobilised 1914: 5.25 million
•Total mobilised to November 1917: 15 million

Navy
• Peacetime strength 1914: 60,000

Fleet (1914)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 2
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 11
•Cruisers (Armoured cruisers + Protected cruisers): 8
•Light cruisers: 5
•Destroyers: 106
•Submarines: 36

Casualties

Military

(not including losses in the Russian Civil War)
•Dead (all causes): 1.7 million
•Wounded: 3.5 million
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Kingdom of Serbia.

General facts
•Population: 4.5 million (1914)
•Capital: Belgrade (1914 population 90,000)


Military Forces

Army
• Peacetime strength 1914: 90,000
• Reserves 1914: 420,000
• Mobilised 1914: 530,000
• Total mobilised to October 1915: 710,000

In October 1915 the Central Powers launched their fourth invasion of Serbia. This time the intervention of Bulgaria proved decisive. Faced with certain defeat on their home soil, the Serbian government and high command decided to retreat to the Albanian coast and keep fighting rather than capitulate. At least 300,000 Serb soldiers and refugees attempted to cross the Albanian mountains in the middle of winter. Thousands died.

The survivors, 150,000 soldiers and 20,000 civilians, were evacuated to the Greek island of Corfu by the British and French in December 1915. Eleven thousand Serbs failed to recover from their ordeal and died on Corfu shortly after arriving. After a period of rest and rehabilitation this remnant of the Serbian Army was re-equipped by the French and transported to the Salonika Front, where they served alongside French, British and Italian forces against the Bulgarians and Austrians for the rest of the war.
•Volunteers recruited to Army-in-exile 1916 onwards: 15–20,000

The Serbian Army at Salonika was authorised by the Serbian government-in-exile to accept ethnic Serb or ‘Southern Slav’ volunteers from other Allied nations, notably the United States but also as distant as New Zealand and Australia. They also accepted former Austro-Hungarian prisoners-of-war of Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian and even Czech ethnicity.

Casualties
•Military dead (all causes): 450,000
•Civilian dead: 650,000

Serbia suffered more civilian deaths than military ones in the First World War. This makes Serbia unique amongst all the combatant nations. The reasons are to be found in Serbia’s landlocked location, which isolated it from friendly Allied states and left it at the mercy of the surrounding Central Powers. Serbia was blockaded from the start of the war, and the civilian population suffered badly from famine and disease. The repeated Austrian invasions destroyed much of the north of the country’s infrastructure and farmland. An outbreak of cholera in early 1915 killed 100,000 Serb civilians. Thousands more died alongside the remnants of the Serbian Army during its epic retreat across the Albanian mountains in November–December 1915.

The situation worsened after the conquest of the country by the Central Powers in late 1915. Still more civilians died as Austrian and Bulgarian occupation forces implemented a harsh regime of martial law. Thousands were executed or sent to internment camps and what was left of the country’s industrial and agricultural resources was stripped bare to supply the war economies of the Central Powers. Serbs struck back through guerrilla warfare which led to brutal reprisals from the Austrian and Bulgarian military authorities. This culminated in a mass uprising centred on the Toplica region in February 1917 that at its height drew in 25,000 Austrian, Bulgarian and German troops. An estimated 20,000 Serb civilians were killed or executed in two months by the occupation forces. This cycle of oppression, guerrilla warfare and death through hunger and disease continued to take its toll on the civilian Serb population until the end of the war.
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United States of America.


General facts
•Population: 103 million (1917)
•Capital: Washington DC (1917 population 350,000)


Military Forces

US Army
•Peacetime strength 1917: 128,000
•Reserves 1917: 131,500 (National Guard)

The American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
•Total mobilised during the war: 4.7 million
•Total sent overseas: 2.1 million

Upon the US entry into the war the government began raising a massively expanded army to serve in France for the duration of the conflict – the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). This was made up initially of soldiers from the peacetime Federal Regular Army and state-based National Guard units, but neither force could provide the colossal numbers of men called for under the AEF mobilisation plan. Some 72% of the personnel of the AEF were obtained by selective conscription – the draft. The Selective Service Bill passed into law on 18 May 1917 and 10 million American men registered with their local draft board in the first round of national registrations the following month (24 million would register by the end of the war).

The first units of the AEF arrived in France on 26 May 1917 to establish headquarters, reception depots and base camps for the troops who would follow. The first US troops did not go into the line on the Western Front until October, and even then only in very small numbers. This was partly because of the constraints of the AEF build-up, and partly the result of a US refusal to allow its troops to be placed within French or British divisions and under their command while the build-up took place.

General John Pershing, the commander of the AEF, insisted that he be allowed to build up an all-American field army that would fight only under American generals. Apart from the crisis caused by the German offensives of March–April 1918, he largely got his way. The result was that the bulk of the AEF did not engage in any serious fighting until the last six months of the war. In that short space of time American soldiers still paid a heavy price in blood, partly because of inexperience and sometimes unwillingness to fully incorporate the hard-won combat lessons of their French and British allies. In battles such as Belleau Wood, St Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne offensive, casualties in attacking American infantry units were sometimes as bad as any in the opening clashes of 1914.

Navy
• Peacetime strength 1917: 80,000
•US Marine Corps: 15,000

Although the United States Marine Corps (USMC) was under the administrative control of the US Navy Department, the desperate need for experienced troops in early 1917 saw the 5th US Marine Regiment sent to France as part of the AEF – over the objections of the AEF’s commander, General Pershing, who wanted the AEF to remain an all-US Army force. The 5th Marine Regiment won great fame amongst the American public for its prominent role in the Battle of Belleau Wood in June 1918. This led to an expansion of the Marines’ strength in the AEF to a full brigade and a surge in voluntary recruitment at home. By war’s end the USMC had expanded to a strength of 72,000 men, of whom 24,000 were serving with the AEF in France.

Fleet (1917)
•Battleships (Dreadnoughts): 14
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 23
•Cruisers (Armoured cruisers + Protected cruisers): 21
•Light cruisers: 10
•Destroyers: 50
•Submarines: 39

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 115,660
•Wounded: 205,690
•Total casaulties: 321,350
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Kingdom of Romania.

General facts
•Population: 8 million (1916)
•Capital: Bucharest (1916 population 310,000)


Military Forces

Army
•Peacetime strength 1916: 350,000 Active Army (Armata Activa)
•Reserves 1916: 1 million, including Reserve Army (Reserva Armatei) and Militia (Militii)
•Total mobilised 1916: 836,000
•Total mobilised during war: 900,000 (estimate)

The Romanian mobilisation plan of August 1916 called for the activation of Reserve Army units (made up of men aged between 29 and 40) to augment those of the Active Army. Initially there was no intention of using the Militia (made up of men aged between 41 and 46). The massive Central Powers invasion of Romania in late October–November 1916 was a national crisis of the kind the Militia was supposed to be available to respond to as a last resort, but events moved too swiftly for them to be called up in large numbers.

Even if the Militia had been called up, the Romanian Army would not have been able to equip them properly. There were insufficient modern weapons and equipment for the Reserve Army formations called up when Romania joined the war. This situation worsened as losses in armaments and supplies as well as men mounted.

These problems remained unaddressed until the army completed its retreat to eastern Moldavia and regrouped behind the Sereth/Danube River line in 1917. There the army, now with a reduced strength of around 350,000 men, was helped to reorganise and re-equip itself by an Allied military mission under French control.

The Treaty of Bucharest called for the disbandment of most of the Romanian Army. By delaying its ratification the Romanian government managed to ensure that this had still not been done when Romania re-entered the war six months later.

Navy
•Peacetime strength 1916: 1500

Fleet
•Light cruisers: 1
•River monitors: 4
•Torpedo boats: 8
•Gunboats: 4

The peacetime Romanian Navy was made up of a comparatively well-equipped ‘Danube Division’ responsible for patrolling the lengthy Romanian section of the Danube River (the second-longest river in Europe) and a ‘Maritime Division’ responsible for operations in the Black Sea. The Maritime Division was equipped with an obsolete light cruiser, a few supporting vessels and little else. Four modern destroyers were on order from Italy, but their delivery was delayed indefinitely by Italy’s entry into the war in 1915. When Romania joined the conflict the Romanian Navy decided to effectively abolish the moribund Maritime Division for the duration and place all its resources and personnel at the disposal of the Danube Division. Given its modest size the Danube Division proved surprisingly effective against Austrian and German river operations in the Danube delta and Moldavia right up until the capitulation in May 1918.

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 335,706
•Wounded: 120,000

Civilian
•Dead: 265,000






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Republic of Portugal.

General facts
•Population: 6.2 million (1916)
•Capital: Lisbon (1911 population 435,000)


Military Force

Army
•Peacetime strength 1916: 30,000
•Total mobilised 1916: 75,000
•Total mobilised during war: 140,000

Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, Western Front 1916–1918

On 23 June 1916 the Portuguese government announced that it would raise an expeditionary force of 30,000 men to serve alongside the other Allied armies in France. The first units of the Corpo Expedicionário Português (Portuguese Expeditionary Corps) disembarked at Brest on 2 February 1917 and saw combat for the first time on 17 June. The Portuguese troops held a sector of the front between Laventie and La Bassée in Flanders and relied on the British Army for logistical and high-level operational support. Ongoing political upheaval at home undermined the ability of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to take part in Allied offensive operations. It was often deliberately starved of reinforcements for months at a time.

A total of 54,000 men served in the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps on the Western Front between February 1916 and November 1918.

Portuguese Colonial Army in Africa, 1914–1918

In 1914 Portugal still possessed a large overseas empire, most of it in Africa. The two main African Portuguese territories were Angola, on the west coast of southern Africa, with German South West Africa (modern-day Namibia) to its south, and Portuguese East Africa (modern-day Mozambique), on the east coast with the Union of South Africa to its south and German East Africa to its north.

Both Angola and Portuguese East Africa had Portuguese Colonial Army garrisons of around 1500 men, African troops led by European officers. With the outbreak of the war in 1914 Portugal sent reinforcements to both colonies, nervous that the fighting in the neighbouring German African colonies would spill over the rudimentary borders into its territories.

After Germany declared war on Portugal in March 1916 the Portuguese government sent more reinforcements to Mozambique (the South Africans had captured German South West Africa in 1915). These troops supported British, South African and Belgian military operations against German colonial forces in German East Africa.

In December 1917, German colonial forces led by Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck invaded Mozambique from German East Africa. Portuguese, British and Belgian forces spent all of 1918 chasing Lettow-Vorbeck and his men across Mozambique, German East Africa and Northern Rhodesia.

Portugal sent a total of 40,000 reinforcements to Angola and Mozambique during the war.

Navy
•Peacetime strength 1916: 4000

Fleet (1916)
•Battleships (pre-Dreadnoughts): 1
•Light cruisers: 4
•Destroyers: 3
•Submarines: 1

Casualties

Military

Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (Western Front)
Dead (all causes): 1689
Wounded: 13,751

Portuguese Colonial Army (Portuguese Africa)
Dead: 802 (Angola), 4723 (Mozambique)
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Kingdom of Montenegro.

General facts
•Population: 436,000 (1914)
•Capital: Cetinje (1914 population 6000)


Military Force

Army
•Peacetime strength 1914: 10,000 Field Army
•Reserves 1914: 25,000 Field Army & 25,000 Reserve Army (Narodna Vojska)
•Fully mobilised 1914: 35,000
•Total mobilised during war: 60,000

Casualties

Military
•Dead (all causes): 5000

This does not include those killed under Austrian military occupation.
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